Fig 1.
A) Caquetá department in Colombia and B) Yurimaguas district in Peru. Blue dots represent the households surveyed, and orange dots represent the focus groups. https://gadm.org/download_country.html.
Fig 2.
Steps followed for data collection and analysis.
Table 1.
Variables used to typify households based on farming livelihoods diversity and agroecological practices.
AP-A represents agroecological practices for agriculture. AP-CR are agroecological practices for cattle ranching.
Table 2.
Indicators of sensitivity (SE) and adaptive capacity (AC) of households in Caquetá (Colombia) and Yurimaguas (Peru).
Fig 3.
Boxplots of clusters (typologies) versus 15 variables correlated with farming livelihoods diversity and agroecological practices from Caquetá (Colombia).
Data were obtained from 256 households in Caquetá. Descriptions of each variable (including their units) are summarized in Table 1. Typology 1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typology 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods", and typology 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". The Y-axis is the value of each variable. Units are explained at the top of each boxplot. AP-A and AP-CR represent agroecological practices in agriculture and cattle ranching.
Fig 4.
Boxplots of clusters (typologies) versus 15 variables related to farming livelihoods diversity and agroecological practices from Yurimaguas (Peru).
Data were obtained from 227 households in Yurimaguas. Descriptions of each variable (including their units) are summarized in Table 1. Typology 1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typology 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods", and typology 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". The Y-axis is the value of each variable. Units are explained at the top o each boxplot. AP-A and AP-CR are agroecological practices in agriculture and cattle ranching.
Fig 5.
Spider diagrams for A) sensitivity (SE) and B) adaptive capacity (AC) indicators differ significantly from those of typologies (Typ) of Caquetá (Colombia) households (low values equal low SE and AC). Typ1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typ 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods" and typ 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". Data were obtained from 256 households in Caquetá.
Fig 6.
Spider diagrams for A) sensitivity (SE) and B) adaptive capacity (AC) indicators that differ significantly from typologies (Typ) of households in Yurimaguas (Peru) (low values equal low SE and AC). Typ1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typ 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods" and typ 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". Data were obtained from 227 households in Yurimaguas.
Table 3.
Kruskal-Wallis results show differences (by indicators) between the three typologies for Caquetá (Colombia).
Typology 1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typology 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods" and typology 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". The average of each indicator is shown by typology. Values of the indicators are 0 = low sensitivity or adaptive capacity and 1 = high sensitivity or adaptive capacity. Dunn´s test results reveal the differences between the typologies. Data were obtained from 256 households in Caquetá.
Table 4.
Kruskal-Wallis results show differences (by indicators) between the three typologies for Yurimaguas (Peru).
Typology 1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typology 2: "slightly diversified livelihoods", and typology 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". The average of each indicator is shown by typology. Values of the indicators are 0 = low sensitivity or adaptive capacity and 1 = high sensitivity or adaptive capacity. Dunn´s test results reveal the differences between the typologies. Data were obtained from 227 households in Yurimaguas.
Table 5.
Scores of vulnerability by typology.
The scores for sensitivity (SE) and adaptive capacity (AC) are based on counting the majority of indicators in SE or AC levels (1 = low, 2 = Medium, 3 = high) for each typology in Caquetá (Colombia) and Yurimaguas (Peru). Typology 1: "moderately-diversified livelihoods", typology 2: "slightly-diversified livelihoods", and typology 3: "non-diversified livelihoods". Vulnerability is calculated by the equation VU = SE-AC, and possible results are low (-2, -1), medium (0), and high (1, 2). Data were obtained from 572 household surveys (256 households in Caquetá. and 227 in Yurimaguas).