Fig 1.
Ecological subsections within CAKN parks with >0.1% surface water area overlaid with Alaska climate regions [29].
Basemap provided by the USGS National Map, https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSShadedReliefOnly/MapServer.
Table 1.
DSWE original pixel classification values and reclassified values.
Fig 2.
Conceptual diagram of DSWE raster product treatment for analysis: Reclassification (see Table 1) and summarization across a sliding 3 year average.
Table 2.
Surface water area change 2000–2019 by ecological subsection (DENA, WRST) or detailed subsection (YUCH)A, alongside numbers of individual study lakes increasing or decreasing in surface water area within each subsection.
Fig 3.
Denali National Park surface water area trends within ecological subsections containing >0.1% surface water area overlaid with individual study lake trends, 2000–2019.
Basemap provided by the USGS National Map, https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSShadedReliefOnly/MapServer.
Fig 4.
Wrangell-St. Elias National Park surface water area trends within ecological subsections containing >0.1% surface water area overlaid with individual study lake trends, 2000–2019.
Basemap provided by the USGS National Map, https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSShadedReliefOnly/MapServer.
Table 3.
Summarized descriptions of ecological subsections and detailed subsections with a significant trend (+/-) in surface water area.
Fig 5.
Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve surface water area trends within ecological subsections containing >0.1% surface water area overlaid with individual study lake trends, 2000–2019.
Basemap provided by the USGS National Map, https://basemap.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/USGSShadedReliefOnly/MapServer.
Fig 6.
A) Surface water, B) precipitation, and C) mean annual temperature (MAT) trends, 2000–2019, smoothed by loess curves (degree = 2, span = 0.5) for better visualization of patterns.
Red bands represent relative warm, wet periods; light blue band represents a relatively cold, dry period, and the dark blue band represents a relatively cold, wet period. Climate data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Table 4.
Results of mixed effects modeling investigating individual environmental variable effects on surface water area in Central Alaska Network parks.
Climate variables are averaged over a 3-year moving window to match the DSWE data. Subsection was used as a random effect.
Fig 7.
An upland thermokarst lake in the Eolian Lowlands ecological subsection which lost surface water area 2000–2019.
Denali National Park, 2008.