The power of hourly weather data: Observed air temperature climate trends for pragmatic decision-making
Fig 4
(Top left) The number of observations below 0 °C (32 °F) and (top right) above 30 °C (86 °F), along with (bottom left) the counts of heating degree hours and (bottom right) cooling degree hours, for Pierre Regional Airport (KPIR), South Dakota, from 1978 to 2023.
A linear regression model is used to depict the overall long-term changes for each metric. The residual standard deviation describes the year-to-year variability of each metric. Despite demonstrating nonzero trend magnitudes, particularly in the winter season, these trends are insignificant due to the overall high variability. Residual standard deviations and p-values are shown below each subplot. The p-values for all 4 subplots are > 0.05, indicating that the trends are not significant.