About the Authors

Madeleine C. Kline

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ MCK and JRM contributed equally and are co-first authors.

Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Julia R. Malits

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ MCK and JRM contributed equally and are co-first authors.

Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Natalie Baker

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hugh Shirley

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ben Grobman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

William Éamon Callison

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephen Pelletier

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kari Nadeau

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

David S. Jones

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gaurab Basu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

gbasu@challiance.org

Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.