Do mandatory minimum penalties and penalty relief work? Evidence from California’s clean water program

• Ryan J. Treves ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ryan J. Treves, Qiwei Lin

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Qiwei Lin ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ryan J. Treves, Qiwei Lin

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Margaret Hilderbran,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-9270

  ⨯
• Derek Ouyang,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-0752

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• Kit T. Rodolfa,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0829-1282

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• Erin Mustain,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2754-6669

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• Daniel E. Ho

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: deho@stanford.edu

  Affiliations Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-5469

  ⨯