About the Authors

Min Xu

‡ These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Chunyang He

hcy@bnu.edu.cn

‡ These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Zhifeng Liu

‡ These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Yinyin Dou

Affiliations Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MX CH ZL YD. Performed the experiments: MX CH ZL YD. Analyzed the data: MX CH ZL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MX CH ZL. Wrote the paper: MX CH ZL.