About the Authors

Akira Yoshioka

yoshioka.akira@nies.go.jp

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8506, Japan

Yoshio Mishima

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8506, Japan

Keita Fukasawa

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8506, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AY YM KF. Performed the experiments: AY YM KF. Analyzed the data: AY KF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YM AY KF. Wrote the paper: AY.