About the Authors

Lu Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft

lu.7.liu@kcl.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Min Xu

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition

Affiliation School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Iain J. Marshall

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, United Kingdom

Charles DA Wolfe

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Yanzhong Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Yanzhong Wang, Matthew DL O’Connell

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Matthew DL O’Connell

Contributed equally to this work with: Yanzhong Wang, Matthew DL O’Connell

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests:YW is a paid statistical consultant on PLOS Medicine’s statistical board.