About the Authors

Suzannah J. Rihn

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Andres Merits

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Siddharth Bakshi

Roles Investigation, Validation

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Matthew L. Turnbull

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Visualization

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Arthur Wickenhagen

Roles Investigation

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Akira J. T. Alexander

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Carla Baillie

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Benjamin Brennan

Roles Investigation, Supervision

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Fiona Brown

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Kirstyn Brunker

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Steven R. Bryden

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Kerry A. Burness

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Stephen Carmichael

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Sarah J. Cole

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Vanessa M. Cowton

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Paul Davies

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Chris Davis

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Giuditta De Lorenzo

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Claire L. Donald

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Mark Dorward

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

James I. Dunlop

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Matthew Elliott

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Mazigh Fares

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Ana da Silva Filipe

Roles Supervision

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Joseph R. Freitas

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Wilhelm Furnon

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rommel J. Gestuveo

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliations MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom, Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines

Anna Geyer

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Daniel Giesel

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Daniel M. Goldfarb

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Nicola Goodman

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Rory Gunson

Roles Investigation, Resources

Affiliation West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom

C. James Hastie

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Vanessa Herder

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Joseph Hughes

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Clare Johnson

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Natasha Johnson

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Alain Kohl

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Karen Kerr

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Hannah Leech

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Laura Sandra Lello

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Kathy Li

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Gauthier Lieber

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Xiang Liu

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Rajendra Lingala

Roles Resources

Affiliation Indian Immunologicals Ltd (IIL), Rakshapuram, Gachibowli Post, Hyderabad Telangana, India

Colin Loney

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Daniel Mair

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Marion J. McElwee

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Steven McFarlane

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Jenna Nichols

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Kyriaki Nomikou

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Anne Orr

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Richard J. Orton

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Massimo Palmarini

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Yasmin A. Parr

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rute Maria Pinto

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Samantha Raggett

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Elaine Reid

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

David L. Robertson

Roles Supervision

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Jamie Royle

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Natalia Cameron-Ruiz

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

James G. Shepherd

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Katherine Smollett

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Douglas G. Stewart

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Meredith Stewart

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Elena Sugrue

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Agnieszka M. Szemiel

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Aislynn Taggart

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Emma C. Thomson

Roles Resources, Supervision

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Lily Tong

Roles Investigation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Leah S. Torrie

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Rachel Toth

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Margus Varjak

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Sainan Wang

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Stuart G. Wilkinson

Roles Resources

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Paul G. Wyatt

Roles Methodology

Affiliation Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Eva Zusinaite

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Dario R. Alessi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Arvind H. Patel

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Ali Zaid

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliations Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Sam J. Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sam.wilson@glasgow.ac.uk (SJW); s.mahalingam@griffith.edu.au (SM)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom

Suresh Mahalingam

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

sam.wilson@glasgow.ac.uk (SJW); s.mahalingam@griffith.edu.au (SM)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work. SJR, AM, SB, MLT, and AW share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.