About the Authors

Rami A. Dalloul

Contributed equally to this work with: Rami A. Dalloul, Julie A. Long, Aleksey V. Zimin

Affiliation Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Julie A. Long

Contributed equally to this work with: Rami A. Dalloul, Julie A. Long, Aleksey V. Zimin

Affiliation Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Aleksey V. Zimin

Contributed equally to this work with: Rami A. Dalloul, Julie A. Long, Aleksey V. Zimin

Affiliation Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Luqman Aslam

Affiliation Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Kathryn Beal

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Le Ann Blomberg

Affiliation Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Pascal Bouffard

Affiliation Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

David W. Burt

Affiliation The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Oswald Crasta

Affiliations Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Chromatin Inc., Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans

Affiliation Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Kristal Cooper

Affiliation Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Roger A. Coulombe

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America

Supriyo De

Affiliation Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Mary E. Delany

Affiliation Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Jerry B. Dodgson

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Jennifer J. Dong

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Clive Evans

Affiliation Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Karin M. Frederickson

Affiliation Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Paul Flicek

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Liliana Florea

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Otto Folkerts

Affiliations Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, Chromatin Inc., Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Martien A. M. Groenen

Affiliation Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Tim T. Harkins

Affiliation Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Javier Herrero

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Steve Hoffmann

Affiliations Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, LIFE Project, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Hendrik-Jan Megens

Affiliation Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Andrew Jiang

Affiliation Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Pieter de Jong

Affiliation Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America

Pete Kaiser

Affiliation Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Heebal Kim

Affiliation Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Population Genetics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Kyu-Won Kim

Affiliation Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Population Genetics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Sungwon Kim

Affiliation Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

David Langenberger

Affiliation Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Mi-Kyung Lee

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Taeheon Lee

Affiliation Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Population Genetics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Shrinivasrao Mane

Affiliation Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Guillaume Marcais

Affiliation Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Manja Marz

Affiliations Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Marburg, Germany

Audrey P. McElroy

Affiliation Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Thero Modise

Affiliation Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Mikhail Nefedov

Affiliation Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, Oakland, California, United States of America

Cédric Notredame

Affiliation Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Universitat Pompeus Fabre, Barcelona, Spain

Ian R. Paton

Affiliation The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

William S. Payne

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Geo Pertea

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Dennis Prickett

Affiliation Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Daniela Puiu

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Dan Qioa

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Emanuele Raineri

Affiliation Comparative Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Universitat Pompeus Fabre, Barcelona, Spain

Magali Ruffier

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Steven L. Salzberg

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Michael C. Schatz

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Chantel Scheuring

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Carl J. Schmidt

Affiliation Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America

Steven Schroeder

Affiliation Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Stephen M. J. Searle

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Edward J. Smith

Affiliation Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Jacqueline Smith

Affiliation The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom

Tad S. Sonstegard

Affiliation Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Peter F. Stadler

Affiliations Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, Fraunhofer Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America

Hakim Tafer

Affiliations Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Zhijian (Jake) Tu

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Curtis P. Van Tassell

Affiliations Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America, Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

Albert J. Vilella

Affiliation European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kelly P. Williams

Affiliation Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

James A. Yorke

Affiliation Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Liqing Zhang

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Hong-Bin Zhang

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Xiaojun Zhang

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Yang Zhang

Affiliation Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Kent M. Reed

reedx054@umn.edu

Affiliation Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

The author(s) have made the following declarations about their contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: RD AVZ DWB RAC MD JD OF MG SLS SS EJS CPVT HBZ KMR. Performed the experiments: LAB OC RC KC SD JJD CE TTH AJ SPM WSP CS SGS TS XZ YZ. Analyzed the data: AVZ LA KB RC RAC PF LF JH SH HJM PK HK KWK SK DL MKL TL GM MM APM TM CN IRP GP DP DP DQ ER MR MCS CS SS JS PFS HT ZT AJV KPW JAY LZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PJdJ MN KMR. Wrote the paper: RD JAL AVZ DWB JD HT JH SS CS ZT KPW LZ MG KMR.