Evaluating anti-LGBTQIA+ medical bias in large language models

• Crystal T. Chang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶☯ These authors contributed equally as co-first authors to this manuscript.

  Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-7040

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• Neha Srivathsa ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶☯ These authors contributed equally as co-first authors to this manuscript.

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Charbel Bou-Khalil,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-9037

  ⨯
• Akshay Swaminathan,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Mitchell R. Lunn,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0814

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• Kavita Mishra,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Sanmi Koyejo ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: roxanad@stanford.edu (RD); sanmi@cs.stanford.edu (SK)

  ¶☯ These authors contributed equally as co-first authors to this manuscript.

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-419X

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• Roxana Daneshjou

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: roxanad@stanford.edu (RD); sanmi@cs.stanford.edu (SK)

  ¶‡ These authors contributed equally as co-senior authors to this manuscript.

  Affiliations Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7988-9356

  ⨯