Performance of Generative Pretrained Transformer on the National Medical Licensing Examination in Japan

• Yudai Tanaka ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yudai Tanaka, Takuto Nakata, Ko Aiga, Akihiro Nomura

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-9886

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• Takuto Nakata ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yudai Tanaka, Takuto Nakata, Ko Aiga, Akihiro Nomura

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-9184

  ⨯
• Ko Aiga ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yudai Tanaka, Takuto Nakata, Ko Aiga, Akihiro Nomura

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan

  ⨯
• Takahide Etani,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan, Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-2551

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• Ryota Muramatsu,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2445-1195

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• Shun Katagiri,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  ⨯
• Hiroyuki Kawai,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  ⨯
• Fumiya Higashino,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  ⨯
• Masahiro Enomoto,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Masao Noda,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-2782

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• Mitsuhiro Kometani,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-3018

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• Masayuki Takamura,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-4417

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• Takashi Yoneda,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan, College of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-158X

  ⨯
• Hiroaki Kakizaki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MICIN, Inc., Tokyo, Co

  ⨯
• Akihiro Nomura

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yudai Tanaka, Takuto Nakata, Ko Aiga, Akihiro Nomura

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: anomura@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

  Affiliations Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan, College of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa Japan, Frontier Institute for Tourism Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Biomedical Informatics, CureApp Institute, Karuizawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-8240

  ⨯