Going beyond the means: Exploring the role of bias from digital determinants of health in technologies

• Marie-Laure Charpignon ,

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Institute for Data, Systems, and Society; Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Adrien Carrel ,

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliations CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Yihang Jiang,

  Affiliation Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Teddy Kwaga,

  Affiliation Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Department of Ophthalmology, Mbarara, Uganda

  ⨯
• Beatriz Cantada,

  Affiliation Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Institute Community and Equity Office, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Terry Hyslop,

  Affiliation Duke University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christopher E. Cox,

  Affiliation Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Krista Haines,

  Affiliation Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Valencia Koomson,

  Affiliation Tufts University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Guillaume Dumas,

  Affiliations CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, Mila–Quebec AI Institute, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• Michael Morley,

  Affiliations Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Assistant Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessilyn Dunn,

  Affiliations Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Duke University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• An-Kwok Ian Wong

  * E-mail: med@aiwong.com, a.ian.wong@duke.edu

  Affiliations Duke University, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Duke University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-4251

  ⨯