About the Authors

Brennan Klein

Contributed equally to this work with: Brennan Klein, Nicholas Generous

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

b.klein@northeastern.edu (BK); a.vespignani@northeastern.edu (AV)

¤ Current address: Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Ave. #213, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicholas Generous

Contributed equally to this work with: Brennan Klein, Nicholas Generous

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

Matteo Chinazzi

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zarana Bhadricha

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rishab Gunashekar

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Preeti Kori

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bodian Li

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stefan McCabe

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America

Jon Green

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard University, Massachusetts, Boston, United States of America

David Lazer

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America

Christopher R. Marsicano

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Educational Studies Department, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States of America, College Crisis Initiative, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States of America

Samuel V. Scarpino

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, United States of America

Alessandro Vespignani

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

b.klein@northeastern.edu (BK); a.vespignani@northeastern.edu (AV)

Affiliations Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America, Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: S.V.S. holds unexercised options in Iliad Biotechnologies. This entity provided no financial support associated with this research, did not have a role in the design of this study, and did not have any role during its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data and/or decision to submit.