About the Authors

Yilin Ning

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Siqi Li

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Feng Xie

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Bibhas Chakraborty

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America

Daniel Shu Wei Ting

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth AI Health Program, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore

Nan Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg

Affiliations Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, SingHealth AI Health Program, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore, Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.