About the Authors

Kathrin M. Cresswell

Affiliation The School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Sukhmeet S. Panesar

Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Sarah A. Salvilla

Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew Carson-Stevens

Affiliations Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Cochrane Institute of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Itziar Larizgoitia

Affiliation WHO, Geneva, Switzerland

Liam J. Donaldson

Affiliation Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

David Bates

Affiliations Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Aziz Sheikh

aziz.sheikh@ed.ac.uk

Affiliations Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

on behalf of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Safer Primary Care Expert Working Group

Membership of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Safer Primary Care Expert Working Group is included in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

AS is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Analyzed the data: KMC SSP SAS AC-S. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: KMC AS. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: SSP SAS AC-S IL LJD DB WHOSPCEWG. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: KMC SSP SAS AC-S IL LJD DB AS. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: KMC SSP SAS AC-S IL LJD DB AS WHOSPCEWG. KMC and SSP led the drafting of the protocol, which received critical input from SAS and AC-S.