About the Authors

Yuichi Hori

¤ Current address: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, 21st Century COE Program, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

Affiliation Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Xueying Gu

Affiliation Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Xiaodong Xie

Affiliation Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Seung K Kim

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: seungkim@cmgm.stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

SK has a consulting relationship with and owns shares of the company StemCells.

Author Contributions

YH, XG, XX, and SKK designed the study. YH, XG, and XX performed the experiments. YH and SKK contributed to writing the paper.