About the Authors

Justin R. Pritchard

Contributed equally to this work with: Justin R. Pritchard, Michael C. Chao

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael C. Chao

Contributed equally to this work with: Justin R. Pritchard, Michael C. Chao

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sören Abel

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brigid M. Davis

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Catherine Baranowski

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yanjia J. Zhang

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric J. Rubin

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Matthew K. Waldor

mwaldor@research.bwh.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JRP MCC EJR MKW. Performed the experiments: SA YJZ. Analyzed the data: JRP MCC CB. Wrote the paper: JRP MCC BMD MKW.