About the Authors

Philip J. Palumbo

Affiliation Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ethan A. Wilson

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Estelle Piwowar-Manning

Affiliation Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Marybeth McCauley

Affiliation Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, Washington DC, United States of America

Theresa Gamble

Affiliation Science Facilitation Department, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Newton Kumwenda

Affiliation College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins Project, Blantyre, Malawi

Joseph Makhema

Affiliation Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana

Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy

Affiliation CART CRS, YRGCARE Medical Centre, VHS, Chennai, India

Suwat Chariyalertsak

Affiliation Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

James G. Hakim

Affiliation Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

Mina C. Hosseinipour

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, UNC Project-Malawi, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Lilongwe, Malawi

Marineide G. Melo

Affiliation Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Serviço de Infectologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Sheela V. Godbole

Affiliation National AIDS Research Institute (ICMR), Pune, India

Jose H. Pilotto

Affiliation Hospital Geral de Nova Iguacu and Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular-IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Beatriz Grinsztejn

Affiliation Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ravindre Panchia

Affiliation Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Soweto HPTN CRS, Soweto, South Africa

Ying Q. Chen

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Myron S. Cohen

Affiliation Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Susan H. Eshleman

seshlem@jhmi.edu

Affiliation Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jessica M. Fogel

Affiliation Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ. School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist, with the following exceptions: MCH has received honoraria for advisory board membership from ViiV healthcare. MSC receives honoraria for advisory board membership from Janssen Global Services, Roche Molecular Systems, and Merck Research. SHE has collaborated with Abbott Diagnostics on evaluation of HIV-related assays; Abbott Diagnostics has provided reagents for other research studies. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: PJP SHE JMF. Data curation: PJP MM TG N. Kumwenda JM N. Kumarasamy SC JGH MCH MGM SVG JHP BG RP MSC. Formal analysis: PJP EAW YQC SHE JMF. Funding acquisition: SHE. Investigation: PJP SHE JMF. Methodology: PJP EAW YQC SHE JMF. Project administration: PJP EPM SHE JMF. Resources: PJP SHE JMF. Supervision: SHE. Validation: SHE. Visualization: PJP SHE JMF. Writing – original draft: PJP SHE JMF. Writing – review & editing: PJP EAW EPM MM TG N. Kumwenda JM N. Kumarasamy SC JGH MCH MGM SVG JHP BG RP YQC MSC SHE JMF.