About the Authors

Tao Lu

Contributed equally to this work with: Tao Lu, Ye Zhang

Affiliations NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Ye Zhang

Contributed equally to this work with: Tao Lu, Ye Zhang

Affiliation NASA Kennedy Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Yared Kidane

Affiliations NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Alan Feiveson

Affiliation NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Louis Stodieck

Affiliation BioServe Space Technologies, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Fathi Karouia

Affiliation NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America

Govindarajan Ramesh

Affiliation Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America

Larry Rohde

Affiliation University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Honglu Wu

honglu.wu-1@nasa.gov

Affiliation NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

This study involved participation of personnel from two commercial companies, Wyle Laboratories and BioServe. Wyle Laboratories is a NASA contractor and employs one of the coauthors (YZ). YZ performed the gene expression data analysis for the study. BioServe (LS) was the implementation partner for this spaceflight study and received funds from NASA to support the project. LS was responsible for the hardware development, and contributed to the study design. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: HW YZ GR AF. Formal analysis: YK AF TL YZ. Investigation: TL YZ. Methodology: HW TL YZ LR LS. Project administration: FK. Resources: LS. Writing – original draft: HW.