About the Authors

Penny Bee

Contributed equally to this work with: Penny Bee, Chris Gibbons, Patrick Callaghan, Claire Fraser, Karina Lovell

penny.bee@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Chris Gibbons

Contributed equally to this work with: Penny Bee, Chris Gibbons, Patrick Callaghan, Claire Fraser, Karina Lovell

Affiliations Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The Psychometrics Centre, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Patrick Callaghan

Contributed equally to this work with: Penny Bee, Chris Gibbons, Patrick Callaghan, Claire Fraser, Karina Lovell

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Claire Fraser

Contributed equally to this work with: Penny Bee, Chris Gibbons, Patrick Callaghan, Claire Fraser, Karina Lovell

Affiliation School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Karina Lovell

Contributed equally to this work with: Penny Bee, Chris Gibbons, Patrick Callaghan, Claire Fraser, Karina Lovell

Affiliation School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PB KL PC. Performed the experiments: PB CF CG. Analyzed the data: CG. Wrote the paper: PB KL CF PC CG.