About the Authors
- Felipe Zapata
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* E-mail: felipe_zapata@brown.edu
Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Freya E. Goetz
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Current address: Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington District of Columbia, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Stephen A. Smith
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Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Mark Howison
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Affiliations Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Computing and Information Services, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Stefan Siebert
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Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Samuel H. Church
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Current address: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Steven M. Sanders
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Current address: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Cheryl Lewis Ames
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Affiliations Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington District of Columbia, United States of America, Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Catherine S. McFadden
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Affiliation Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Scott C. France
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Affiliation Department of Biology, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Marymegan Daly
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Affiliation Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Allen G. Collins
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Affiliations Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington District of Columbia, United States of America, National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA’s Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Steven H. D. Haddock
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Affiliation Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
- Casey W. Dunn
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Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Paulyn Cartwright
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Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: PC CWD. Performed the experiments: FEG SS. Analyzed the data: FZ. Wrote the paper: PC FZ CWD. Assembled 454 data and performed initial analyses: SAS. Performed SOWH tests: SHC. Generated Hydractinia and Podocoryna data: SMS PC. Led octocoral sampling: CSM SCF. Led hexacoral sampling: MD. Generated Alatina alata data: CLA AGC PC. Collected many medusozoans: SHDH. Assisted with data management, submission, and analysis implementation: MH. Drew line illustrations of animals: FEG.