About the Authors

Jillian T. Henderson

Jillian.T.Henderson@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Mahesh Puri

Affiliation Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities (CREHPA), Kathmandu, Nepal

Maya Blum

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Cynthia C. Harper

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Ashma Rana

Affiliation Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal

Geeta Gurung

Affiliation Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal

Neelam Pradhan

Affiliation Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal

Kiran Regmi

Affiliation Bharatpur District Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

Kasturi Malla

Affiliation Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medicare National Hospital and Research Centre, Chabahil, Kathmandu, Nepal

Sudha Sharma

Affiliation Former Secretary, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal

Daniel Grossman

Affiliation Ibis Reproductive Health and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Lata Bajracharya

Affiliation Former Director Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Current Director and Chair Capital Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Indira Satyal

Affiliation Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shridhar Acharya

Affiliation Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal, Nepal

Prabhat Lamichhane

Affiliation Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities (CREHPA), Kathmandu, Nepal

Philip D. Darney

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors acknowledge that author KM is employed by a commercial company in Nepal; Medicare National Hospital & Research Centre Ltd. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PD CCH JTH MB MP DG AR KM GG NP. Performed the experiments: MB AR GG NP KR KM SS LB IS SA PL. Analyzed the data: JTH MP MB CCH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AR KR KM LB SA SS. Wrote the paper: AR GG NP KR KM SS DG LB IS SA PL PD.