About the Authors

Peter H. Kilmarx

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

peter.kilmarx@nih.gov

Current address: Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. ‎Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe

Elizabeth Gonese

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. ‎Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe

David A. Lewis

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School—Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Z. Mike Chirenje

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

Beth A. Tippett Barr

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. ‎Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe

Ahmed S. Latif

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health Consultant, Calamvale, Brisbane, Australia

Lovemore Gwanzura

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

H. Hunter Handsfield

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Anna Machiha

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe

Owen Mugurungi

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe

Cornelius A. Rietmeijer

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Surveillance, Evaluation, Assessment, and Monitoring (SEAM) Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, College of Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Colorado, United States of America, Rietmeijer Consulting, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Rietmeijer, the sole proprietor of Rietmeijer Consulting, was the lead consultant for the project. Rietmeijer Consulting was not involved in other projects that presented a conflict of interest. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The authors have declared that no other potential competing interests exist.