About the Authors

Rui Jiang

rjiang@ustc.edu.cn

Affiliations MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, State Key Laboratory of Fire Science and School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

Mao-Bin Hu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Fire Science and School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

H. M. Zhang

Affiliations Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Traffic Engineering, School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Zi-You Gao

Affiliation MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

Bin Jia

Affiliation MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

Qing-Song Wu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Fire Science and School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

Bing Wang

Affiliation Department of Automaton, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

Ming Yang

Affiliation Department of Automaton, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RJ MBH QSW . Performed the experiments: RJ MBH QSW BW MY. Analyzed the data: RJ HMZ ZYG BJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RJ HMZ ZYG BJ. Wrote the paper: RJ HMZ.