About the Authors

Yutaka Takebe

Affiliation AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Carrie J. Saucedo

Affiliation Molecular Targets Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Garry Lund

Affiliation KMT Hepatech, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Rie Uenishi

Affiliation AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Saiki Hase

Affiliation AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Takayo Tsuchiura

Affiliation AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Norman Kneteman

Affiliation KMT Hepatech, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Koreen Ramessar

Affiliation Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

D. Lorne J. Tyrrell

Affiliation KMT Hepatech, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Masayuki Shirakura

Current address: Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliation Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Takaji Wakita

Affiliation Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

James B. McMahon

Affiliation Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Barry R. O'Keefe

okeefeba@mail.nih.gov

Affiliation Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The patents for both Griffithsin and Scytovirin are wholly owned by the U.S. Government. Drs. O'Keefe and McMahon are named inventors on patents for both proteins.Norman Kneteman, Garry Lund and Lorne Tyrrell are affiliated to KMT Hepatech which is a contract research organization funded by NIAID for hepatitis C studies with no competing interests. KMT Hepatech has no rights or interests in further developing the antiviral proteins griffithsin and scytovirin for commercial use. Their involvement in this manuscript does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YT TT NK MS TW JBM BRO. Performed the experiments: YT CS GL RU SH KR DLT. Analyzed the data: YT CS GL RU SH TT NK KR DLT MS BRO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YT NK MS TW BRO. Wrote the paper: YT GL NK JBM BRO.