About the Authors

Richard Kasch

richard.kasch@uni-greifswald.de

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Birger Mensel

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Florian Schmidt

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Sebastian Ruetten

Affiliation Department of Spine Surgery and Pain Therapy, Center for Orthopedics and Traumatology, St Anna-Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany

Thomas Barz

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Uckermark, Schwedt, Germany

Susanne Froehlich

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center of Rostock, Rostock, Germany

Rebecca Seipel

Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Harry R. Merk

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Ralph Kayser

Affiliation Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests: ArthroCare Deutschland, Reimscheid, provided the technical equipment needed for nucleoplasty. The authors received for the project the nucleoplasty Convenience Pack (DLR SpineWand and sterile 17-gauge Crawford needle (6") with mandrin) from ArthroCare Germany. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: R. Kasch HRM R. Kayser. Performed the experiments: BM FS RS HRM. Analyzed the data: R. Kasch BM FS SR TB SF RS HRM R. Kayser. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: R. Kasch BM FS RS. Wrote the paper: R. Kasch BM TB SR SF HRM R. Kayser.