Evaluation of the Distribution and Impacts of Parasites, Pathogens, and Pesticides on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Populations in East Africa

Elliud Muli; Harland Patch; Maryann Frazier; James Frazier; Baldwyn Torto; Tracey Baumgarten; Joseph Kilonzo; James Ng'ang'a Kimani; Fiona Mumoki; Daniel Masiga; James Tumlinson; Christina Grozinger

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094459

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Evaluation of the Distribution and Impacts of Parasites, Pathogens, and Pesticides on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Populations in East Africa

Elliud Muli ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

Affiliations The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Biological Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), Kitui, Kenya
⨯
Harland Patch ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

* E-mail: hmpatch@psu.edu

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
Maryann Frazier ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Elliud Muli, Harland Patch, Maryann Frazier

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
James Frazier,

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Baldwyn Torto,

Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
⨯
Tracey Baumgarten,

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
Joseph Kilonzo,

Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
⨯
James Ng'ang'a Kimani,

Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
⨯
Fiona Mumoki,

Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
⨯
Daniel Masiga,

Affiliation The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
⨯
James Tumlinson,

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯
Christina Grozinger

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯

Evaluation of the Distribution and Impacts of Parasites, Pathogens, and Pesticides on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Populations in East Africa

Elliud Muli,
Harland Patch,
Maryann Frazier,
James Frazier,
Baldwyn Torto,
Tracey Baumgarten,
Joseph Kilonzo,
James Ng'ang'a Kimani,
Fiona Mumoki,
Daniel Masiga

Published: April 16, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094459

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