About the Authors

Marco Heurich

marco.heurich@npv-bw.bayern.de

Affiliations Bavarian Forest National Park, Department of Conservation and Research, Grafenau, Germany, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Anton Hilger

Affiliation Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Munich, Germany

Helmut Küchenhoff

Affiliation Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Munich, Germany

Henrik Andrén

Affiliation Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Luděk Bufka

Affiliation Department of Research and Nature Protection, Šumava National Park Administration, Kašperské Hory, Czech Republic

Miha Krofel

Affiliation University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Jenny Mattisson

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway

John Odden

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway

Jens Persson

Affiliation Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Geir R. Rauset

Affiliation Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Krzysztof Schmidt

Affiliation Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland

John D. C. Linnell

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MH LB HA JL JO. Performed the experiments: MH HA LB JM JP GR JL JO. Analyzed the data: AH HK MH. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MH AH HK HA MK JM JP GR KS JL JO.