About the Authors

Eduard Eduardo

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Matthew R. Lamb

mrl2013@columbia.edu

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Sasi Kandula

Affiliation ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Andrea Howard

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Veronicah Mugisha

Affiliation ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Davies Kimanga

Affiliation National AIDS and STI Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya

Bonita Kilama

Affiliation National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Wafaa El-Sadr

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Batya Elul

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EE MRL SK. Analyzed the data: EE MRL SK. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: EE MRL SK AH VM DK BK WES BE.