About the Authors

Marty R. Schmer

marty.schmer@ars.usda.gov

Affiliation Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Kenneth P. Vogel

Affiliation Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Gary E. Varvel

Affiliation Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Ronald F. Follett

Affiliation Soil-Plant Nutrient Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America

Robert B. Mitchell

Affiliation Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Virginia L. Jin

Affiliation Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KV GV RF. Performed the experiments: KV GV RF RM MS VJ. Analyzed the data: MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MS KV RM RF. Wrote the paper: MS KV GV RF RM VJ.