About the Authors

Anders Pape Møller

anders.moller@u-psud.fr

Affiliation Laboratoire Ecologie, Systematique et Evolution, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8079 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paris-Sud XI-AgroParisTech, Batiment 362, Université Paris-Sud XI, F-91405 Orsay, France

Santiago Merino

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain

Juan José Soler

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain

Anton Antonov

Affiliation National Museum of Natural History - Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria

Elisa P. Badás

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain

Miguel A. Calero-Torralbo

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain

Florentino de Lope

Affiliation Departamento de de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain

Tapio Eeva

Affiliation Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland

Jordi Figuerola

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Estación Biológica Doñana (Estacion Biologica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos), Sevilla, Spain

Einar Flensted-Jensen

Affiliation Cypresvej 1, DK-9700 Brønderslev, Denmark

Laszlo Z. Garamszegi

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica Doñana (Estacion Biologica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos), Sevilla, Spain

Sonia González-Braojos

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain

Helga Gwinner

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, Haus Nr. 11, Seewiesen, Germany

Sveinn Are Hanssen

Affiliation Norwegian Institute for Nature Research – Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsø, Norway

Dieter Heylen

Affiliation Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium

Petteri Ilmonen

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Physiology, University of Turku, Finland

Kurt Klarborg

Affiliation Skovvej, DK-9490 Pandrup, Denmark

Erkki Korpimäki

Affiliation Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, FIN-20014 University of Turku, Finland

Javier Martínez

Affiliation Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Josue Martínez-de la Puente

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología de Humedales, Estación Biológica Doñana (Estacion Biologica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos), Sevilla, Spain

Alfonso Marzal

Affiliation Departamento de de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain

Erik Matthysen

Affiliation Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium

Piotr Matyjasiak

Affiliation Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, Warsaw, Poland

Mercedes Molina-Morales

Affiliation Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

Juan Moreno

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain

Timothy A. Mousseau

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America

Jan Tøttrup Nielsen

Affiliation Espedal 4, Tolne, DK-9870 Sindal, Denmark

Péter László Pap

Affiliation Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania

Juan Rivero-de Aguilar

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain

Peter Shurulinkov

Affiliation National Museum of Natural History - Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria

Tore Slagsvold

Affiliation Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Tibor Szép

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Nyíregyháza, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Sóstói út 31/b, Hungary

Eszter Szöllősi

Affiliation Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, Budapest, Hungary

Janos Török

Affiliation Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, Budapest, Hungary

Radovan Vaclav

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia

Francisco Valera

Affiliation Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificos, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain

Nadia Ziane

Affiliation Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University, Boite Postal 12, Annaba, Algeria

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: APM SM. Performed the experiments: APM SM JJS AA EPB MACT FdL TE JF EFJ LG SGB HG SAH DH PI KK EK J. Martínez JMDLP AM EM PM MMM J. Moreno TAM JTN PLP JRDA PS T. Slagsvold T. Szép ES JT RV FV NZ. Analyzed the data: APM JJS. Wrote the paper: APM SM JJS.