About the Authors

Daniel L. Jeffries

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, Humberside, United Kingdom

Jason Chapman

Affiliations Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Helen E. Roy

Affiliation NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Stuart Humphries

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, Humberside, United Kingdom

Richard Harrington

Affiliation Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Peter M. J. Brown

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Lori-J. Lawson Handley

l.lawson-handley@hull.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, Humberside, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LLH JC. Performed the experiments: DLJ. Analyzed the data: DLJ LLH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JC RH. Wrote the paper: LLH DLJ. Provided advice on analyses: SH. Contributed to manuscript: HER PMJB. Performed additional analyses for the revised manuscript: PMJB.