About the Authors

Tanja Gempe

Contributed equally to this work with: Tanja Gempe, Silke Stach

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Silke Stach

Contributed equally to this work with: Tanja Gempe, Silke Stach

Affiliation Institute for Bee Research, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany

Kaspar Bienefeld

Affiliation Institute for Bee Research, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany

Martin Beye

martin.beye@uni-duesseldorf.de

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TG SS KB MB. Performed the experiments: TG SS. Analyzed the data: SS TG MB. Wrote the paper: MB.