About the Authors

Thomas Jemielita

Contributed equally to this work with: Thomas Jemielita, George L. Gerton

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

George L. Gerton

Contributed equally to this work with: Thomas Jemielita, George L. Gerton

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Matthew Neidell

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Steven Chillrud

Affiliation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America

Beizhan Yan

Affiliation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America

Martin Stute

Affiliation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America

Marilyn Howarth

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Pouné Saberi

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Nicholas Fausti

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Trevor M. Penning

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jason Roy

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kathleen J. Propert

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Reynold A. Panettieri Jr.

rap@mail.med.upenn.edu

Affiliation Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TJ GLG MH PS TMP KJP RAP. Performed the experiments: TJ GLG MN SC BY MS MH PS NF TMP JR KJP RAP. Analyzed the data: TJ GLG MN SC BY MS NF TMP JR KJP RAP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TJ GLG MN SC BY MS MH PS NF TMP JR KJP RAP. Wrote the paper: TJ GLG MN SC BY MS MH PS NF TMP JR KJP RAP.