About the Authors

Kuninori Suzuki

Contributed equally to this work with: Kuninori Suzuki, Shingo Nakamura

kuninori@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Affiliation Bioimaging Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

Shingo Nakamura

Contributed equally to this work with: Kuninori Suzuki, Shingo Nakamura

Affiliation Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Mayumi Morimoto

Affiliation Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Kiyonaga Fujii

Affiliation Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Nobuo N. Noda

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Structure, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan

Fuyuhiko Inagaki

Affiliation Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Affiliation Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KS NN FI YO. Performed the experiments: KS SN MM. Analyzed the data: KS SN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KF. Wrote the paper: KS NN YO.