About the Authors

Alexessander Couto Alves

acoutoal@imperial.ac.uk (ACA); l.coin@imperial.ac.uk (LC)

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sören Bruhn

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Adaikalavan Ramasamy

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Hui Wang

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Dept of Paediatrics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden

John W. Holloway

Affiliation Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Anna-Liisa Hartikainen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, and Unit of General Practice, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland

Mikael Benson

Affiliation Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

David J. Balding

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom

Lachlan J. M. Coin

acoutoal@imperial.ac.uk (ACA); l.coin@imperial.ac.uk (LC)

Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ACA MB SB MRJ. Performed the experiments: SB ALH. Analyzed the data: ACA AR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MRJ MB. Wrote the paper: ACA LC DB SB AR MRJ HW JWH MB.