About the Authors

David A. Keith

david.keith@unsw.edu.au

Affiliations Australian Wetlands Rivers and Landscapes Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia

Jon Paul Rodríguez

Affiliations Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela, Provita, Caracas, Venezuela, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America, IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management and IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland

Kathryn M. Rodríguez-Clark

Affiliation Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela

Emily Nicholson

Affiliation Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Kaisu Aapala

Affiliation Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Alfonso Alonso

Affiliation Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Marianne Asmussen

Affiliations Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America

Steven Bachman

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England

Alberto Basset

Affiliation Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Ecotekne Center, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Edmund G. Barrow

Affiliation IUCN Global Ecosystem Management Programme, Nairobi, Kenya

John S. Benson

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Melanie J. Bishop

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia

Ronald Bonifacio

Affiliation Science Resource Centre, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Thomas M. Brooks

Affiliations IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management and IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland, NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America

Mark A. Burgman

Affiliation Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Assessment, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Patrick Comer

Affiliation NatureServe, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Francisco A. Comín

Affiliation Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, Zaragoza. Spain

Franz Essl

Affiliations Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria, Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Don Faber-Langendoen

Affiliation NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America

Peter G. Fairweather

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Robert J. Holdaway

Affiliation Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand

Michael Jennings

Affiliation Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America

Richard T. Kingsford

Affiliation Australian Wetlands Rivers and Landscapes Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Rebecca E. Lester

Affiliation School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warnambool, Victoria, Australia

Ralph Mac Nally

Affiliation Australian Centre for Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences Monash University, Victoria, Australia

Michael A. McCarthy

Affiliation Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Justin Moat

Affiliation Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England

María A. Oliveira-Miranda

Affiliation Provita, Caracas, Venezuela

Phil Pisanu

Affiliation Science Resource Centre, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Brigitte Poulin

Affiliation Tour du Valat Research Center, Arles, France

Tracey J. Regan

Affiliation Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Uwe Riecken

Affiliation German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany

Mark D. Spalding

Affiliation The Nature Conservancy and Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England

Sergio Zambrano-Martínez

Affiliation Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela

Competing Interests

Provita is a non-governmental conservation organization based in Venezuela, focused on the conservation of threatened species and ecosystems (www.provitaonline.org or www.provita.org.ve). Provita has been involved with the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems effort for several years, and has therefore sponsored some of the authors’ activities (which they acknowledge). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DAK JPR KMR EN KA AA MA SB AB EGB JSB MJB RB TMB MAB PC FAC FE DFL PGF RJH MJ RTK REL RM MAM PP BP TJR UR MDS. Performed the experiments: DAK JPR SB AB JSB MJB RB FE PGF RJH RTK REL RM JM MAOM PP BP UR MDS. Analyzed the data: DAK JPR KMR EN MA SB AB JSB MJB RB FE PGF RJH RTK REL RM JM MAOM PP BP UR MDS SZM. Wrote the paper: DAK JPR KMR EN KA MA SB AB EGB JSB MJB RB TMB MAB PC FAC FE DFL PGF RJH MJ RTK REL RM MAM PP BP TJR UR MDS.