About the Authors

Jing Lu

Affiliation The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Dee A. Carter

Affiliation School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Lynne Turnbull

Affiliation The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Douglas Rosendale

Affiliation The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Duncan Hedderley

Affiliation The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Jonathan Stephens

Affiliation Comvita NZ Limited, Te Puke, New Zealand

Swapna Gannabathula

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand

Gregor Steinhorn

Affiliation Comvita NZ Limited, Te Puke, New Zealand

Ralf C. Schlothauer

Affiliation Comvita NZ Limited, Te Puke, New Zealand

Cynthia B. Whitchurch

Affiliation The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Elizabeth J. Harry

liz.harry@uts.edu.au

Affiliation The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: JS, GS and RS are employees of Comvita New Zealand (NZ) Limited which trades in medical grade manuka honey (Medihoney) Comvita NZ Ltd. have partially funded the work through a contribution to Linkage Project LP0990949 funded by the Australian Research Council. Chief Investigators on this project include EJH, CW, LT, DC and Partner Investigator RS. Some of the work reported in this manuscript performed by DR was conducted as a fee for service from Comvita Ltd., NZ. SG’s current PhD scholarship is funded by Comvita Ltd., NZ. The competing interests mentioned in our submission do not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EJH JL SG DR RS. Performed the experiments: JL SG JS DR. Analyzed the data: EJH DC CW JL LT DR DH RS GS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS DH EJH DR. Wrote the paper: EJH JL DC GS JS DR.