About the Authors

Marie Boutant

Contributed equally to this work with: Marie Boutant, Oscar Henrique Pereira Ramos

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France, INSERM U1016, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Oscar Henrique Pereira Ramos

Contributed equally to this work with: Marie Boutant, Oscar Henrique Pereira Ramos

Current address: CEA, iBiTecS, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France, INSERM U1016, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Cécile Lecoeur

Affiliations Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France

Emmanuel Vaillant

Affiliations Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France

Julien Philippe

Affiliations Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France

Pili Zhang

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Anaïs Perilhou

Current address: INSERM U1018, Hopital Bicêtre, Paris, France

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France, INSERM U1016, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Beatriz Valcarcel

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Sylvain Sebert

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Mario-Ritta Jarvelin

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Beverley Balkau

Affiliations Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France

Donald Scott

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Philippe Froguel

Affiliations Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Martine Vaxillaire

Affiliations Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France

Mireille Vasseur-Cognet

mireille.vasseur@inserm.fr

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Cochin Institute, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France, INSERM U1016, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interest: This work was supported by grants from Merck Sharp & Dohme. The D.E.S.I.R. study has been supported by INSERM contracts with CNAMTS, Lilly, Novartis Pharma, and Sanofiaventis, ONIVINS, Ardix Medical, Bayer Diagnostics, Becton Dickinson, Cardionics, Merck Santé, Novo Nordisk, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Topcon. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MVC MV. Performed the experiments: MB OHPR MVC AP EV JP DS PZ BV. Analyzed the data: MB OHPR MVC MV CL AP SS. Wrote the paper: MVC MV. Performed and contributed to data analysis of the experiments related to the molecular and expression studies: MB OHPR. Performed the SNP genotyping: EV JP. Performed ChIP assays: DS PZ. Contributed to the study cohort samples, to the phenotype data: BB MRJ BV. Designed and supervised the human genetic study: MV. Designed and supervised the molecular and expression studies: MVC. Contributed to discussion: SS PF MV MVC. Reviewed the manuscript: DS PZ SS PF.