About the Authors

Natali Gulbahce

Contributed equally to this work with: Natali Gulbahce, Han Yan

a Current address: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Complex Networks Research (CCNR) and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Han Yan

Contributed equally to this work with: Natali Gulbahce, Han Yan

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Amélie Dricot

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Megha Padi

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB), Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Danielle Byrdsong

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rachel Franchi

b Current address: Midwestern University-Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Deok-Sun Lee

Affiliations Center for Complex Networks Research (CCNR) and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Natural Medical Sciences and Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea

Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jessica C. Mar

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB), Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael A. Calderwood

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Amy Baldwin

c Current address: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bo Zhao

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Balaji Santhanam

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pascal Braun

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicolas Simonis

d Current address: Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kyung-Won Huh

e Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Karin Hellner

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Miranda Grace

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alyce Chen

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Renee Rubio

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB), Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jarrod A. Marto

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Blais Proteomics Center and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicholas A. Christakis

Affiliation Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School and Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elliott Kieff

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Frederick P. Roth

f Current address: Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jennifer Roecklein-Canfield

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James A. DeCaprio

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael E. Cusick

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

John Quackenbush

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB), Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David E. Hill

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Karl Münger

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Division, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marc Vidal

marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu (MV); alb@neu.edu (ALB)

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Albert-László Barabási

marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu (MV); alb@neu.edu (ALB)

Member of the Genomic Variation and Network Perturbation Center of Excellence in Genomic Science, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Affiliations Center for Complex Networks Research (CCNR) and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NG HY MP ORR JAM EK FPR JRC JAD JQ DEH KM MV ALB. Performed the experiments: AD DB RF ORR AB BZ KWH KH MG AC RR. Analyzed the data: NG HY MP JCM BS NS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DSL MAC PB NAC JQ KM. Wrote the paper: NG HY MAC MEC DEH KM MV ALB.