About the Authors

David Serre

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

André Langaney

Affiliations Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Biologique, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland

Mario Chech

Affiliation Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Biologique, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France

Maria Teschler-Nicola

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria

Maja Paunovic

† Deceased.

Affiliation Institute of Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia

Philippe Mennecier

Affiliation Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Biologique, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France

Michael Hofreiter

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

Göran Possnert

Affiliation Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Svante Pääbo

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paabo@eva.mpg.de

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

DS and SP conceived and designed the experiments. DS, MH, and GP performed the experiments. DS, GP, and SP analyzed the data. AL, MC, MT-N, MP, and PM contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. DS, AL, and SP wrote the paper.