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Previous work in Boolean dynamical networks has suggested that the number of components that must be controlled to select an existing attractor is typically set by the number of attractors admitted by the dynamics, with no dependence on the size of the network. This study investigates the rare cases of networks that defy this expectation, with attractors that require controlling most nodes. 

Over the past two decades, urban scaling has become essential for understanding the rural-urban continuum by quantifying how urban characteristics depend on a city’s population size. Nonetheless, access to incomplete datasets about urban features systematically skews the conclusions derived from this theory. To address this limitation, the authors developed a framework that enables urban researchers to draw reliable conclusions about urban scaling, even when dealing with censored datasets.