Figure 1.
A map of China illustrating the location of trap sites in which bats (red circular) and shrews (blue triangle) were captured.
Table 1.
Prevalence of hantavirus in bats and insectivores by species and location in China.
Table 2.
The structure of the hantavirus S and M segments.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic trees based on the entire coding regions of hantavirus genomes including those obtained here inferred using the BEAST (MCC), Bayesian, and ML methods.
The ML/MCC/Bayesian trees were based on the coding sequences of the S (A) and M (B) segments. Numbers (>70%/>0.7/>0.7) above or below branches indicate posterior node probabilities or bootstrap values. Phylogenetic tree (C) was inferred using the ML method based on the partial L segment sequences. The MCC tree – shown here in all cases – was automatically rooted on the assumption of a molecular clock. The basal lineage estimated by the MCC tree was then used as an outgroup in the Bayesian and ML analyses. Scale bar represents number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 3.
A map of the world illustrating the location of known hantaviruses by host group and associated mammalian hosts.
Figure 4.
Phylogenetic relationships between bats, insectivores, and rodents captured in China and others taken from the GenBank.
The ML and MCC trees were constructed with the mt-cyt b gene. The sequences of Ornithorhynchus anatinus were used as an outgroup. The sequences obtained in this study are shown in bold. Posterior node probabilities (70%/>0.7) are shown above or below branches. Scale bar represents number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 5.
Tanglegram comparing the phylogenies of hantaviruses and their bat, insectivore, and rodent hosts.
The host tree on the left was based on cytochrome b gene sequences, while the hantavirus tree on the right was based on the coding sequences of S segment. Numbers (>0.7) above or below branches indicate posterior node probabilities.
Table 3.
Inferred cross-species transmission events among the hantaviruses.