About the Authors

Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Heath, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ben Killingley

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ben.killingley@nhs.net

Current address: University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Heath, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Joanne Enstone

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Heath, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Michael Hewitt

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Heath, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Jovan Pantelic

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: University of California, Center for the Built Environment, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Affiliation University of Maryland School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Michael L. Grantham

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO, United States of America

Affiliation University of Maryland School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Maryland School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

Robert Lambkin-Williams

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation hVIVO London, United Kingdom

Anthony Gilbert

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation hVIVO London, United Kingdom

Alexander Mann

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation hVIVO London, United Kingdom

John Forni

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of Acute and Specialty Care, MSD, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation hVIVO London, United Kingdom

Catherine J. Noakes

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Leeds School of Civil Engineering, Leeds, United Kingdom

Min Z. Levine

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

LaShondra Berman

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Stephen Lindstrom

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Simon Cauchemez

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Affiliation Imperial College London, MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom

Werner Bischoff

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Raymond Tellier

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation McGill University, Dept of Medicine, Montreal, Canada

Donald K. Milton

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Maryland School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

for the EMIT Consortium

A complete list of the EMIT Consortium can be found in the S1 Text.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JSN-V-T and BK declare previous consultancy fees from H-Vivo plc, unrelated to the current work. JSN-V-T is currently seconded to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), England; the views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of DHSC. RLW, AG and AM are employees of H-Vivo plc each of whom hold shares and /or share options in the company.