About the Authors

Lauren M. Childs

Contributed equally to this work with: Lauren M. Childs, Francisco Y. Cai, Evdoxia G. Kakani

Current address: Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Affiliations Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Francisco Y. Cai

Contributed equally to this work with: Lauren M. Childs, Francisco Y. Cai, Evdoxia G. Kakani

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Evdoxia G. Kakani

Contributed equally to this work with: Lauren M. Childs, Francisco Y. Cai, Evdoxia G. Kakani

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Sara N. Mitchell

Current address: Verily, 259 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Doug Paton

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Paolo Gabrieli

Current address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Caroline O. Buckee

cbuckee@hsph.harvard.edu (COB); fcatter@hsph.harvard.edu (FC)

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

Affiliations Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Flaminia Catteruccia

cbuckee@hsph.harvard.edu (COB); fcatter@hsph.harvard.edu (FC)

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

A patent application covering some aspects of this work has been filed on behalf of FC, PG, EGK and DP by Harvard University.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Data curation: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Formal analysis: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Funding acquisition: COB FC. Investigation: EGK SNM DP PG FC. Methodology: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Project administration: LMC EGK COB FC. Resources: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Software: LMC FYC COB. Supervision: COB FC. Validation: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Visualization: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Writing – original draft: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC. Writing – review & editing: LMC FYC EGK SNM DP PG COB FC.