About the Authors

Dmitry Ratner

Contributed equally to this work with: Dmitry Ratner, M. Pontus A. Orning

Affiliation UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

M. Pontus A. Orning

Contributed equally to this work with: Dmitry Ratner, M. Pontus A. Orning

Affiliations UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Megan K. Proulx

Affiliation UMass Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Donghai Wang

Affiliations UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Mikhail A. Gavrilin

Affiliation Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Mark D. Wewers

Affiliation Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Emad S. Alnemri

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Peter F. Johnson

Affiliation Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Bettina Lee

Affiliation Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Joan Mecsas

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nobuhiko Kayagaki

Affiliation Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jon D. Goguen

Affiliation UMass Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Egil Lien

Egil.Lien@umassmed.edu

Affiliations UMass Medical School, Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Competing Interests

BL and NK are employees of Genentech, Inc.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: EL. Funding acquisition: DR DW MAG MDW ESA PFJ JM EL. Investigation: DR MPAO NK EL. Resources: DR MKP DW MAG MDW ESA PFJ BL JM NK JDG. Supervision: EL. Writing – original draft: DR EL. Writing – review & editing: DR MPAO MKP DW MAG MDW ESA PFJ BL JM NK JDG EL.