About the Authors

Stéphane G. Paquette

Contributed equally to this work with: Stéphane G. Paquette, David Banner

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David Banner

Contributed equally to this work with: Stéphane G. Paquette, David Banner

Affiliation Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stephen S. H. Huang

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Raquel Almansa

Affiliation Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario—Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y Leόn, Valladolid, Spain

Alberto Leon

Affiliation Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Luoling Xu

Affiliation Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jessica Bartoszko

Affiliation Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David J. Kelvin

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Guangdong, China

Alyson A. Kelvin

akelvin@jidc.org

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and an author of this manuscript have the following competing interest: Alyson Kelvin is an employee of Immune Diagnostics and Research. David Kelvin is a shareholder in IDR. No commercial products or interests are associated with this study. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AAK DB. Performed the experiments: SGP SSHH DB RA JB LX. Analyzed the data: AAK SGP SSHH DB AL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DJK. Wrote the paper: AAK.