About the Authors

Yuichi Hirata

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Kazutaka Ikeda

Affiliations Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan

Masayuki Sudoh

Affiliation Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan

Yuko Tokunaga

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Akemi Suzuki

Affiliation Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan

Leiyun Weng

Affiliation Unit of Viral Genome Regulation, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Masatoshi Ohta

Affiliation Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan

Yoshimi Tobita

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Ken Okano

Affiliation Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan

Kazuhisa Ozeki

Affiliation Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan

Kenichi Kawasaki

Affiliation Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan

Takuo Tsukuda

Affiliation Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan

Asao Katsume

Affiliation Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan

Yuko Aoki

Affiliation Kamakura Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan

Takuya Umehara

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Satoshi Sekiguchi

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuya Toyoda

Affiliation Unit of Viral Genome Regulation, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Kunitada Shimotohno

Affiliation Research Institute, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan

Tomoyoshi Soga

Affiliation Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan

Masahiro Nishijima

Affiliations National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machidashi, Tokyo, Japan

Ryo Taguchi

Affiliations Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, Japan

Michinori Kohara

kohara-mc@igakuken.or.jp

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

M. Sudoh, A. Katsume, K. Okano, K. Ozeki, K. Kawasaki, T. Tsukuda, and Y. Aoki are employees of Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to all PLoS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Kohara. Wrote the paper: Y. Hirata. Y. Hirata performed the experiment of chimeric mice and HCV-infected cells. K. Ikeda, M. Ohta, T. Soga, and R. Taguchi performed lipid analysis by MS spectrometry. M. Sudoh, A. Katsume, and Y. Aoki evaluated the antiviral effects of NA808, K. Okano and K. Ozeki examined the tissue distribution of NA808. K. Kawasaki and T. Tsukuda synthesized derivatives from natural compounds. Y. Tokunaga, Y. Tobita, T. Umehara, and S. Sekiguchi performed some experiments on the chimeric mice. L. Weng and T. Toyoda conducted the experiments on the interaction between RdRp and SM. M. Kohara and Y. Hirata performed data analysis on the chimeric mice and cells. K. Ikeda, M. Ohta, T. Soga, and R. Taguchi performed data analysis on the result of MS spectrometry. A. Suzuki, K. Shimotohno, and M. Nishijima provided tools and expert information.