About the Authors

Jason M. Wilham

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Christina D. Orrú

Affiliations Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

Richard A. Bessen

Affiliation Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

Ryuichiro Atarashi

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan

Kazunori Sano

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan

Brent Race

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Kimberly D. Meade-White

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Lara M. Taubner

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Andrew Timmes

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Byron Caughey

BCAUGHEY@niaid.nih.gov

Affiliation Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMW CDO RAB RA KS BC. Performed the experiments: JMW CDO RAB BR KDMW LMT AT. Analyzed the data: JMW RAB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMW RAB. Wrote the paper: JMW BC.